This report, in general, explains the development of the civil service in Kosovo and challenges that lie ahead. The civil service has been identified as an important and crucial element in defining the efficiency of the state institutions. When Max Weber stated that “political domination, in everyday life, means public administration”, he referred to the fact that law and order, the core state functions, are performed by civil servants. Countries in transition face the task of establishing the basic foundations of a democratic society, for example, by adopting new constitutions, transferring power to elected representatives, creating multi-party systems, establishing favourable and competitive environments for free market operators, encouraging the development of civil society organizations, and promoting the independence of mass media.These tasks demand a profound transformation of the state administration and its overall system of governance, and notably a reorientation of the civil service towards an impartial and professional policy body that ensures a less arbitrary use of public authority. This report, first, provides an overview of the legal and institutional transformation of the civil service in Kosovo from its establishment in 2000, examining the core principles and institutions under both, the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) interim administration, and those that characterised the post-independence landscape. With that aim, the first section of the report provides information about the creation of the civil service system, its tradition and reform. It also elaborates some general definitions of civil service and applies them to the case of Kosovo.